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Community Development Journal Advance Access originally published online on August 22, 2005
Community Development Journal 2007 42(1):5-18; doi:10.1093/cdj/bsi094
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© Oxford University Press and Community Development Journal. 2005 All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

A resources and shaping forces model for community-based sustainable development

Yiheyis Taddele Maru and Keith Woodford

Address for correspondence: Yiheyis Taddele Maru, Centre for Arid Zone Research, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, PO Box 2111, Alice Springs, NT 0871, Australia. email: , yiheyis.maru{at}csiro.au(www.cazr.csiro.au)

Keith Woodford: email: woodfork{at}lincoln.ac.nz

The Resources and Shaping Forces1 (RSF) model is developed from a case study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, using modified grounded theory. It provides a conceptual framework for identifying, describing and analysing livelihood and natural systems at the community level, and helps link the principles of sustainable livelihoods to those of community development. The shaping forces set of institutions, interventions and perturbations describes the influences on and determinants of resource availability (endowment) and resource access (entitlement), together with the duties and responsibilities of various community members (entrustment). Applying the model requires community groups, households and individuals of different gender and wealth categories to articulate their perspectives on the dynamics of the livelihood and natural systems.


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